The flow regime is regarded by many aquatic ecologists to be the key driver of river and floodplain wetland ecosystems. We have focused this literature review around four key principles to highlight the important mechanisms that link hydrology and aquatic biodiversity and to illustrate the consequent impacts of altered flow regimes: Firstly, flow is a major determinant of physical habitat in streams, which in turn is a major determinant of biotic composition; Secondly, aquatic species have evolved life history strategies primarily in direct response to the natural flow regimes; Thirdly, maintenance of natural patterns of longitudinal and lateral connectivity is essential to the viability of populations of many riverine species; Finally, the invasion and success of exotic and introduced species in rivers is facilitated by the alteration of flow regimes. The impacts of flow change are manifest across broad taxonomic groups including riverine plants, invertebrates, and fish. Despite growing recognition of these relationships, ecologists still struggle to predict and quantify biotic responses to altered flow regimes. One obvious difficulty is the ability to distinguish the direct effects of modified flow regimes from impacts associated with land-use change that often accompanies water resource development. Currently, evidence about how rivers function in relation to flow regime and the flows that aquatic organisms need exists largely as a series of untested hypotheses. To overcome these problems, aquatic science needs to move quickly into a manipulative or experimental phase, preferably with the aims of restoration and measuring ecosystem response.
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Mark Robinson and Roy Ward are well known in hydrological circles for the several editions of their Principles of Hydrology book, the last of which appeared in 2011. Now a change in publisher has allowed them to produce a completely revised version with a new title but with the same clear presentation. The book covers water quantity and water quality with an introductory chapter on the history of hydrology and final new chapter on Hydrology in a Changing World where the importance of water in a future world is stressed. The structure and approach is largely classical, but with reference to modern thought about hydrological processes, including groundwater in fractured rocks, the role of macropores in soils, and the displacement of old water and its effects on water quality. The text is full of carefully chosen and relevant references, significantly updated since the last book. The discussion is mostly discursive, but with the presentation of relevant equations to describe processes where appropriate, without making the book unduly mathematical. A good range of clearly drawn graphics helps the illustrate the discussion. This makes the level suitable for a first university course in hydrology for a wide range of students in geography and environmental science degrees. Each chapter is associated with a list of review problems and discussion topics, while reference is made to a wide range of relevant web sites, from sources of open data and model codes, and international hydrological organisations. The book represents an excellent summary of our current understanding of hydrological processes presented in a clear and concise way.
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Note: Two versions of each set of lecture notes are shown in the table below. The first is in html format, optimized for viewing on the Web at screen resolutions greater than 800x600. You can print this version directly from your Web browser, but there is no guarantee that the pages will break where they are supposed to, since each person's browser can be set up differently (margins, fonts, font sizes, etc.). The PDF (Portable Document Format) versions of the lecture notes are optimized for printing. All page breaks should occur correctly. If your web browser has the proper plug-in installed, clicking on the PDF will bring the file into your web browser from which you can then print the notes. If the plug-ins are not installed, your web browser will either attempt to download the PDF files or offer to send you to the Adobe web site to download the plug-ins for your browser. If you choose to download the PDF format lecture notes you will still need the free Adobe Reader to view and print the files. This and further information about the browser plug-ins can be obtained by clicking on the icon below.
Principles of Hydrogeology, Third Edition presents important concepts of groundwater hydrology with a strong emphasis on problem-solving and field applications of hydrogeology. With newly added and revised content, this volume maintains a broad and current scope of topics, from the history of hydrogeology to the latest trends in managing groundwate
Peter (Pete) Eagleson is recognized as a world leader in hydrology. He is a Professor emeritus at MIT where he has taught since 1952. Eagleson was a pioneer in establishing the physical principles behind hydrological processes and integrating them towards a better understanding of river basin hydrologic response and local-to-global scale hydrology. His textbook, Dynamic Hydrology, published in 1970 as a bold and different approach to hydrologic sciences, served as a catalyst for the redefinition of the field of hydrology as a rigorous and quantitative scientific field at the heart of climate and earth system sciences.
For his extraordinary achievements Eagleson has received essentially every major recognition available to hydrologists. These include the 1991 International Hydrology Prize from the International Association of Hydrologic Sciences (IAHS), the 1988 Horton Medal from AGU, election to the National Academy of Engineering in 1982, the Bowie Medal of AGU in 1994, and the Stockholm Water Prize in 1997. To honor his long-lasting contributions to hydrology, the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc. (CUAHSI) established in 2008 the Peter S. Eagleson Lecture in Hydrologic Sciences.
The journal's scope embraces a wide range of topics that include: surface and subsurface hydrology as it relates to contamination; experimental and computational investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, biological and chemical transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and sediment properties only as they influence contaminant behaviour; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil, sediment, and water contamination; development of mathematical models and system analysis techniques for understanding and managing surface and subsurface water resources systems including hyporheic zone processes; analyses of interactions between water-use activities and the environment; carbon sequestration and turnover; and water contamination issues associated with energy production.
Types of paperThere are some types of papers that are not suitable for publication in the journal, namely: Environmental monitoring. We are pleased to see field data, but we do not publish reports of, for example, unusual observations in the field unless they are interpreted at a process level. Similarly, we do not act as a public repository for datasets unless they are interpreted. Case studies. We will not publish case studies unless they provide insight into processes relevant to other sites or conditions. Thus, a paper based on a particular site must draw out principles, prove a conceptual model, or develop and test a method; these principles, models, or methods must have broader applicability than to a site of study.Methods. We are keen to see new methods of analysis, experimentation, field investigation, or interpretation developed and published. However the journal will not publish papers that present only method development, nor methods that have no major advance over existing approaches. Manuscripts that demonstrate how new or existing methods lead to new insights, or that extend the scope or demonstrate the practical use of existing methods will be welcome. Normally, measured data or observations will be used to validate the method.The last comments on Methods apply particularly to the development of new analytical and numerical solutions to flow, transport and reaction equations. A new mathematical solution must be a significant and useful advance over present methods. The new solution should also lead to new understanding of contaminant behavior. When possible, new analytical or numerical solutions should be compared with existing methods and/or with real data/observations.The inverse of these comments on new models applies to papers that focus on experimental and field investigations. It is not sufficient to present data, no matter how elegant the experiment or interesting the field site! Data must be interpreted with a conceptual model of processes so that the results are potentially valuable to other sites and experiments.Despite these comments, the editors are not trying to set up a rigid or bureaucratic system. If you believe your paper should be an exception, explain this simply in your cover letter at submission. We are all active researchers, and we do not want to discourage our peers from submitting any manuscript that they feel is significant and important for the journal. Rather, we hope you will join us in our wish to ensure that all the papers in the journal have real value to the community. 2ff7e9595c
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